A bladder diverticulum forms when some of the bladder lining pokes through a weak part in the bladder wall. A bladder diverticulum can either be congenital (from birth) or acquired (present later in life). Acquired bladder diverticula (when there is typically more than 1 diverticulum present) are most often caused by a blockage in the bladder outlet (such as from a swollen prostate or scars in the urethra [the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body]), the bladder not working well due to nerve injury or, rarely, from prior bladder surgery. Acquired diverticula are most often seen in older men, who tend to get bladder outlet blocks.
Hydroureter refers to dilation of the ureter(s), the narrow tube urine travels down from the kidneys into the bladder. It is most often caused by obstruction of urine outflow due to blockage of the ureter(s) by calculi (stones), chronic inflammation, neoplasia (cancerous or noncancerous growth), or accidental ligation during surgery.Symptoms are variable, but may include pain, either in the side and/or back (known as flank pain), nausea, and/or vomiting. Treatment is based on the cause.
Bladder polyps are abnormal growths in the bladder lining that may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Risk factors for bladder polyps include cigarette smoking and gender, with men being more commonly affected. Usually bladder polyps do not cause symptoms, but when symptoms do occur, they may include a constant or urgent need to urinate, pain while urinating, blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen and/or pelvis.
A collapsed, or incompletely distended bladder, indicates that at the time of MRI examination, the bladder was not full of urine. This finding does not indicate any underlying condition.
The median lobe is located between the ejaculatory ducts and the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body) in the central zone of the prostate. Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size and number of cells in this part of the prostate. When there is overgrowth of the prostatic median lobe into the bladder, it can cause bladder outlet obstruction and related storage and voiding symptoms. While minimal hypertrophic changes may not cause symptoms, progression of these changes (also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH) may cause lower urinary tract symptoms including needing to urinate often (especially at night), difficulty starting to urinate and having a weak urine stream.
Trabeculation of the bladder describes when the bladder walls have become thicker and less elastic (less stretchy). This occurs when the urethra (the tube the urine passes through to exit the body from the bladder) is repeatedly blocked (obstructed). With the loss of elasticity, the bladder does not fill and empty as well, causing urinary symptoms such as a slow urine stream, frequent urge to urinate and/or the sensation of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
