Paranasal sinuses are a group of air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity: the maxillary sinuses are located under the eyes, the frontal sinuses are above the eyes, the ethmoid sinuses are between the eyes and the sphenoid sinuses are behind the eyes. Indications of acute sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses with symptoms lasting less than four weeks) that are seen on imaging include the presence of air-fluid levels and/or a "bubbly or foamy" appearance of the sinuses.
There are two adrenal glands in the body, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism, response to stress, and salt and water balance. Adrenal nodules (adenomas) are growths inside these glands and are estimated to be present in 1-9% of people. Nodules smaller than 4 cm are most common and usually benign (non-cancerous). Nodules greater than 4 cm in size require further evaluation. Adrenal nodules are usually asymptomatic, but sometimes can overproduce hormones and cause symptoms including: changes in face and body shape, acne, unexplained weight gain or loss, high blood pressure, diabetes, muscle weakness, increase in body hair in women, excessive sweating, abnormal fatigue, and sexual dysfunction.Adenomas contain lipids (fatty content), and when more than 80% of its contents are lipids, they are considered lipid-rich.
There are two adrenal glands in the body, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism, response to stress, and salt and water balance. Calcium can deposit inside healed scar tissue anywhere in the body, and this finding suggests that there was past damage to the adrenal gland.
An adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, usually unilateral (found in only one adrenal gland and not the other), benign (non-cancerous) tumor. It is composed of mature fat cells and interspersed hematopoietic cells (cells that give rise to other blood cells) that resemble bone marrow. On imaging, the presence of large amounts of fat in an adrenal mass is diagnostic of a myelolipoma. Most lesions are asymptomatic (do not cause symptoms) and may be discovered incidentally when the region is imaged for other reasons.
There are two adrenal glands in the body, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism, response to stress, and water/salt balance. Adrenal adenomas are benign (non-cancerous) tumors found in all age groups and increase in frequency with age. The majority (about 95%) of adrenal adenomas are non-functioning (do not produce hormones), in which case they are asymptomatic (do not cause symptoms). In all cases, but especially in the setting of known current or previous malignancy, adrenal adenomas should be fully evaluated.
Adenomyomatosis is an abnormality of the gallbladder characterized by overgrowth of the inner mucus lining and thickening of the muscle wall. It is not clear what causes this condition and it is considered benign (not harmful and non-cancerous).
