Endometrial polyps are benign (non-cancerous) nodular protrusions of the endometrial surface (lining of the uterus). They can often be suggested on ultrasound or MRI studies, but may require sonohysterography or direct visualization for confirmation. Most polyps do not cause symptoms, although they can be a common cause of post-menopausal bleeding (accounting for approximately 30% of cases). In pre-menopausal women, they may cause intermenstrual bleeding and infertility. If symptomatic, polyps may be treated with a polypectomy (procedure to remove a polyp).
The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus. A cyst is a sac-like pocket of membranous tissue that contains fluid, air, or other substances. Cysts can grow almost anywhere in the body. There are many different types of cysts. Most cysts are benign (non-cancerous). Whether a cyst needs treatment depends on a number of factors, including the type of cyst, the location, if the cyst is causing pain or discomfort, and whether the cyst is infected.
Dysplastic kidneys (also known as kidney dysplasia) is a condition in which the internal structures of one or both of the kidneys does not develop properly during fetal development. Genetic factors can cause kidney dysplasia.
Duplicated ureters, also known as a duplicated collecting system, is the most common birth defect related to the urinary tract. Both males and females are affected, but the condition is more common in females. Ureters are long, narrow tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Normally one ureter leads from each kidney to the bladder. In the case of duplicated ureters, two ureters drain a single kidney. This condition may affect one or both kidneys.
Ureters are long, narrow tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The distal ureter describes the portion of the ureter from the lower border of the sacrum (the shield-shaped bone that forms the back part of the pelvis) to the bladder. Dilatation (ectasia) is the expansion or widening of the ureter. Dilatation of the distal ureters is a nonspecific finding (meaning it is difficult to say what caused it) and it may be a normal finding (physiologic) due to a series of muscle contractions (peristalsis) to move urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
The ejaculatory ducts are paired tubular structures that pass through the prostate, adding secretions from the prostate that are necessary for sperm function. They are responsible for delivering sperm into the urethra (the tube that carries semen from the ejaculatory ducts out of the body). Ejaculatory duct obstruction refers to a blockage of one or both of the ejaculatory ducts.
