Editor’s note: This blog post was medically reviewed by Carol DerSarkissian, MD
Bile duct cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare and life-threatening cancer that affects the tubes carrying bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine.
As February is Bile Duct Cancer Awareness Month, this guide aims to increase awareness and support research of this type of cancer.
Bile duct cancer is a rare cancer affecting the tubes (ducts) that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. Bile is fluid made by the liver that aids in the digestion of fats.
Bile duct cancer can form in the cells of any portion of the bile duct network, spreading to other organs such as the liver or pancreas.
Bile duct cancer is categorized by where cancer was found in the bile duct:
Some signs and symptoms of bile duct cancer overlap with gallbladder cancer and other related health issues. Medical diagnosis would help determine which cancer is present, or if gallstones are causing cancer-like symptoms.
These symptoms include:
Patients suffering from bile duct cancer may have some of these symptoms, but not all of them, and often not until the more advanced stages of the cancer. Most cancer patients experience few recognizable symptoms at early stages.
Anyone can be at risk of developing bile duct cancer, although certain factors can increase the risk.
Bile duct cancer is more common among those living in Southeast Asia, due to the greater prevalence of Chinese liver fluke parasite infection in the area.
Bile duct cancer is also more likely to develop in those with a history of chronic inflammation or infection of the bile ducts (cholangitis), chronic ulcerative colitis, or bile duct cysts.
Cancer growth in the gallbladder may also adversely affect risk of bile duct cancer, as can an unhealthy diet and lifestyle.
As with other types of cancer, there is no guaranteed way to prevent bile duct cancer.
However, the American Cancer Society recommends the following steps to reduce your risk of bile duct cancer:
Learn more: Best Practices to Help Reduce Cancer Risk
Bile duct cancer diagnosis involves a series of tests to detect, diagnose, and stage cancer.
It typically starts with a physical exam to check for signs of disease. The doctor will also take a history of the patient’s health and past illnesses and treatments.
The next step is to test liver function through a blood sample to measure the levels of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, which can indicate liver disease. Tumor marker tests may also diagnose or monitor the condition.
Imaging tests are used to identify the location and extent of cancer. These tests include:
These imaging tests may be helpful in determining the location and extent of the cancer. Each case is different, and patients should consult with a medical professional to discuss the best treatment plan for their individual needs.
Next, a biopsy may also be performed to obtain a tissue sample for further examination, depending on the patient’s ability to undergo surgery. Different biopsy procedures include a laparoscopy, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).
The biopsy results also help determine the stage of cancer and plan treatment.
No, bile duct cancer is not hereditary. Genetic factors related to cholangiocarcinoma are usually acquired during the patient’s life, rather than being inherited.
The life expectancy of someone with bile duct cancer will depend on several factors, such as the stage of cancer, treatment plan, and overall health of the patient.
No direct scientific evidence points to any diet that increases the risk for bile duct cancer. However, it is generally recommended to increase the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables and reduce the intake of processed foods, red meat, and other products high in fat and sodium, as part of a healthy lifestyle to reduce cancer risk.
It also helps to get involved in activities that help promote bile duct cancer awareness. These include:
It’s crucial to be aware of the signs and symptoms of bile duct cancer and seek medical attention if you experience any of them. Early detection and diagnosis can improve the chances for better outcomes.
Whole-body MRI screening is a powerful imaging test to help detect abnormalities in your body before critical issues arise. For example, the Full Body Scan by Ezra screens for potential early cancer in up to 13 organs, including the liver and gallbladder.
Not yet ready for a scan? Calculate your cancer risk in 5 minutes or less.
You can also schedule a call with our team to learn more. Contact us at (888) 402-3972 or hello@ezra.com
