MRI for Lung Cancer Detection

Introduction

Lung cancer stands as one of the most common cancer types and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, responsible for around 1.8 million deaths in 2020¹. Due to its usually subtle onset, lung cancer is frequently diagnosed only at advanced stages when treatment options are limited, leading to high mortality rates. 

Screening programs targeting high-risk populations, particularly individuals with a history of smoking, play a crucial role in early lung cancer detection. Typically, lung cancer is identified using imaging techniques like chest X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and, less frequently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A confirmed diagnosis relies on a combination of imaging findings, molecular testing, and lung biopsies.

What is MRI, and How Does It Work?

MRI is a powerful, non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of structures inside the body². MRI works by aligning hydrogen atoms in the body with its magnetic field, then uses radiofrequency pulses to disturb this alignment. When the pulses stop, the atoms realign, emitting signals that create detailed images³. Unlike X-rays and CT scans, MRI does not use ionizing radiation, making it a safer option for repeated scans.

Importance of MRI In Detecting Lung Cancer

Although MRI scans play a key role in detecting various types of cancer, they are not regarded as the gold standard for lung cancer detection; low-dose CT (LDCT) scans are. Nevertheless, MRI scans can still offer some benefits. 

MRI can help to determine the size of lung tumors and assess their spread. Different types of MRI, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, provide additional information about tumor characteristics.

Challenges and Limitations of MRI for Lung Cancer Detection

Despite some companies using MRI for lung cancer detection, it does have some limitations that should be considered.

• Reduced sensitivity for small nodules: MRI has lower sensitivity for detecting small lung nodules, decreasing from 98.5 percent for nodules 8-10 mm in size to 80.5 percent for those under 8 mm⁴. 
• Motion artifacts: MRI is highly susceptible to motion, including respiratory and cardiac movement, which can impact image clarity⁵.
• Longer examination time: MRIs take longer to complete than CT scans, which may cause discomfort for some patients.
• Accessibility limitations: Patients with metallic implants or claustrophobia may be unable to undergo MRI scans. 

This is why at Ezra, we incorporate a CT scan into our Full Body Plus package so that our patients get the gold-standard screening procedure for their lungs, alongside an MRI for the rest of the body.

MRI Procedure for Lung Cancer

The procedure for an MRI is very straightforward. However, there are general rules to follow⁶.

Before the MRI: Leave all jewelry and metal objects at home. You can generally eat and drink as usual unless specifically instructed otherwise. If your MRI involves contrast agents or sedation, you may be asked to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the procedure. 

You'll be asked to change into a hospital gown and remove any clothing with metal components, including underwire bras. Inform your doctor about any medical conditions, implants, or claustrophobia. Bring a list of your current medications. Avoid applying deodorants, antiperspirants, perfumes, or body lotions before the exam, as they may contain metals that interfere with the magnetic field.

During the MRI: The procedure typically lasts 30-60 minutes. You'll lie on a table that slides into a large, tube-shaped machine. The machine makes loud noises, so earplugs or headphones may be provided. It's crucial to remain as still as possible during the scan to ensure clear images. You'll be able to communicate with the technologist through an intercom system and will have a call button if you need assistance.

After the MRI: After the scan, you can resume your normal activities unless sedation is used. Your doctor will contact you with the results within a week or so.

For more information on how to prepare for an MRI, you can read this article here.

Comparing MRI with Other Imaging Techniques

In the context of lung cancer detection⁷:

Due to their speed and availability, X-rays are often the first imaging test performed when lung cancer is suspected. They can reveal abnormalities but are limited in providing detailed information about soft tissue structures.

CT scans are preferred for a more detailed evaluation once an abnormality is detected on an X-ray. They are particularly useful for staging lung cancer by assessing lymph node involvement and metastasis.

MRI, while not commonly used for initial lung cancer diagnosis, may be employed in specific cases where soft tissue detail is crucial, such as assessing metastases or evaluating chest wall involvement. 

FAQs About MRI for Lung Cancer Detection

Why Does Ezra use MRI & CT?

MRIs and CT scans are good as different types of imagery. MRI scans better evaluate the flow of bodily fluids, provide better soft-tissue contrast, and can image tissue near bones. CT scans are preferred for identifying specific cancers, such as lung cancer. Ezra uses both to provide the most comprehensive full-body screening.

What Is The Cost of An MRI with CT for Lung Screening?

At Ezra, we provide a Full Body Plus package for $2695. This includes an MRI and a CT scan to get a full picture of your body’s health and screen for potential cancers using gold-standard techniques. Ezra members pay a lower price because we buy MRI scanning slots in bulk from our imaging partners, who give us preferential rates and pass those savings on to you.

Summary: MRI for Lung Cancer Detection

While low-dose CT scans are considered the gold standard for lung cancer detection, MRI can still provide valuable information about tumor size, spread, and characteristics. However, MRI has limitations such as reduced sensitivity for small nodules, susceptibility to motion artifacts, longer examination times, and accessibility issues for some patients. 

Ready to be proactive with your health? Book an Ezra Full Body Plus scan, which includes MRI and CT, today to detect any issues early and put you on the road to long-term health. Our yearly scan screens for potential cancers early, using AI to enhance the process, making it more efficient and affordable.