Vascular malformation is a general term to describe when blood vessels and/or lymph vessels have an abnormal appearance or connection because of developmental variation - this is a rare but benign (non-cancerous) finding. One type of vascular malformation is an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), which is when the artery and vein are directly connected, instead of being connected by small capillaries.

Sebaceous cysts may be caused by blocked glands or swollen hair follicles in the skin.

Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped structures that are part of the body's immune system. Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease. There are hundreds of lymph nodes found throughout the body. Calcium has a tendency to collect in healing tissue. Calcified structures in the body have no metabolic activity.

A lymph node is a small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body's immune system. Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease. The enlarged lymph node could be due to a current infection, recent/past infection, inflammation or other condition

A lesion is an abnormality seen on an imaging test. The lesion may involve small to large areas and the severity of the underlying condition may range from relatively minor to life-threatening. These lesions will need further work up to for a diagnosis.

Osteochondromas are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that develop on the surface of a bone near the growth plate during childhood or adolescence. Most often, osteochondromas affect the long bones in the pelvis, the leg, or the shoulder blade.

The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. The ball moves in the socket, allowing the leg to rotate and move forward, backward and sideways. As an individual ages, it is common for the cartilage (thin tissue that covers bone surfaces providing smooth, friction-free movement) in the hip joint to wear down. Degenerative hip joint changes can cause symptoms such as pain, stiffness, swelling around the joint, tenderness, limited range of motion, or a sensation of catching or grinding in the joint with movement.

The lens of the eye is a clear, flexible structure that allows the eye to focus. The absence of the lens of the eye (a condition called aphakia) is most common in adults who have had surgical removal of the lens due to cataracts (cataract surgery) or injury to the eye from a perforating wound or ulcer. People with aphakia have relatively small pupils that tend to dilate to a lesser degree. Symptoms include blurry vision, farsightedness (the ability to see distant objects more clearly than close objects), and the loss of accommodation (trouble focusing on objects). This can be corrected by wearing glasses, contact lenses, or by surgical implant of an artificial lens. Complications of aphakia include detachment of the vitreous or retina, and glaucoma.

Paranasal sinuses are a group of air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity: the maxillary sinuses are located under the eyes, the frontal sinuses are above the eyes, the ethmoid sinuses are between the eyes and the sphenoid sinuses are behind the eyes. Indications of acute sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses with symptoms lasting less than four weeks) that are seen on imaging include the presence of air-fluid levels and/or a "bubbly or foamy" appearance of the sinuses.

Ectopic thyroid describes any part of the thyroid that is not in its normal location. An ectopic thyroid is usually asymptomatic (does not cause symptoms). In rare cases it can be associated with hypothyroidism (a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive and doesn't produce enough of certain crucial hormones).