LEARN ABOUT MRI

MRI for Cervical Spine Cancer Detection

Cervical spine cancer refers to a malignant tumor that develops in the cervical (neck) region of the spine. Therefore, early detection is crucial for catching these cancers early and treating them effectively. In this article, explore the uses, procedures, and costs of MRI screening for cervical spine cancers.

Introduction

Cervical spine cancer is a serious condition that occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the cervical region of the spine1. Tumors in the spine can be categorized into primary tumors or metastatic tumors. The spinal column is one of the most common sites for cancer to spread2. Early detection is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and patient prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become invaluable for detecting and evaluating cervical spine cancer due to its excellent soft tissue contrast, safety, and ability to detect small tumors3.

What is MRI, and How Does It Work?

MRI is a powerful, non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of structures inside the body4. MRI works by aligning hydrogen atoms in the body with its magnetic field, then uses radiofrequency pulses to disturb this alignment. When the pulses stop, the atoms realign, emitting signals that create detailed images5. Unlike X-rays and CT scans, MRI does not use ionizing radiation, making it a safer option for repeated scans.

Importance of MRI in Detecting Cervical Spine Cancer

MRI plays a crucial role in detecting cervical spine cancer and differentiating between benign and malignant tumors.

Early Detection

MRI is vital for early detection of cervical spine cancer for several reasons:

  1. High sensitivity: MRI can detect small tumors and early bone marrow deposits that other imaging methods might miss6.
  2. Excellent soft tissue contrast: This allows visualization of tumors and surrounding anatomy in great detail7
  3. Multiplanar imaging: MRI can produce images in multiple planes, giving a comprehensive view of the cervical spine.
  4. No radiation exposure: Unlike CT, MRI does not use ionizing radiation, making it safer for repeated screenings.

Differentiating Benign and Malignant Tumors

MRI helps distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in many ways:

  • Tumor characteristics: MRI can reveal specific features of tumors, such as size, shape, and composition, which can indicate malignancy2.
  • Enhancement patterns: Using contrast agents in MRI can show how tumors absorb the dye. 
  • Invasion and spread: MRI can determine whether a tumor has invaded surrounding tissues or spread to other areas, indicative of malignancy3.
  • Spectroscopy: Advanced MRI techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, can measure chemical changes in the spinal cord that may indicate the presence of a malignant tumor7.
  • Perfusion imaging: MR perfusion scans can show blood flow patterns within tumors, helping determine if they are growing slowly (likely benign) or quickly (possibly malignant).
Schematic of the spine

Advantages of MRI for Cervical Spine Cancer Detection

MRI offers several other advantages in cervical spine cancer detection. It can accurately define the size and extent of tumors, help evaluate spinal cord compression, which is critical for treatment planning, and is particularly effective for diagnosing intramedullary tumors (inside the spinal cord) and intradural tumors (within the dura mater - located under the skull and vertebral column)2,7,8.

MRI Procedure for Cervical Spine Cancer

The procedure for an MRI is very straightforward. However, there are general rules to follow9.

Before the MRI: Leave all jewelry and metal objects at home. You can generally eat and drink as usual unless specifically instructed otherwise. If your MRI involves contrast agents or sedation, you may be asked to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the procedure. 

You'll be asked to change into a hospital gown and remove any clothing with metal components, including underwire bras. Inform your doctor about any medical conditions, implants, or claustrophobia. Bring a list of your current medications. Avoid applying deodorants, antiperspirants, perfumes, or body lotions before the exam, as they may contain metals that interfere with the magnetic field.

During the MRI: The procedure typically lasts 30-60 minutes. You'll lie on a table that slides into a large, tube-shaped machine. The machine makes loud noises, so earplugs or headphones may be provided. It's crucial to remain as still as possible during the scan to ensure clear images. You'll be able to communicate with the technologist through an intercom system and will have a call button if you need assistance.

After the MRI: After the scan, you can resume your normal activities unless sedation is used. Your doctor will contact you with the results within a week or so.

For more information on how to prepare for an MRI, you can read this article here.

Comparing MRI with Other Imaging Techniques

Imaging Technology

MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images, while CT scans and X-rays use ionizing radiation10. This difference impacts several aspects of the imaging process and results.

Image Detail and Contrast

Compared to CT and X-ray scans, MRI provides superior soft tissue contrast and detail11. This makes MRI particularly effective for visualizing the spinal cord, nerves, and soft tissue tumors in the cervical spine.

Radiation Exposure

MRI does not use ionizing radiation, making it safer for repeated use. CT scans and X-rays expose patients to small amounts of radiation, which can be a concern for frequent imaging.

MRI is generally considered one of the top imaging methods in cervical spine cancer detection due to its superior soft tissue imaging capabilities12.

Group of MRI images of the spine.

FAQs About MRI for Cervical Spine Cancer Detections

What can an MRI detect in the spine besides cancer?

In addition to cancer, a cervical spine MRI can detect13:

  • Bulging or herniated discs
  • Spinal cord compression
  • Infections or inflammatory conditions
  • Vascular disorders
  • Soft tissue disorders, bone abnormalities, or joint disorders

Summary: Cancer Detection of the Cervical Spine

MRI is essential for detecting cervical spine cancer, providing excellent soft tissue contrast without ionizing radiation. Its ability to detect small tumors and differentiate between benign and malignant growths makes it a critical tool for early diagnosis and treatment planning. The procedure requires simple preparation, such as removing metal objects and staying still during the scan for clear imaging. MRI outperforms other imaging techniques like CT scans and X-rays by offering superior detail of the spinal cord and surrounding tissues, making it the gold standard for cervical spine cancer detection.

Ready to be proactive with your health? Book an Ezra full-body MRI today to detect any issues early and put you on the road to long-term health. Our yearly scan screens for potential cancers early, using AI to enhance the process, making it more efficient and affordable.

Our MRI scan is designed to help detect cancer early without harmful radiation.
Book Scan Icon
It's quick and easy to book
Schedule your scan online at one of our locations nationwide.
Complete Scan Icon
Medical questionnaire
Fill out a quick online form to let us know about your medical history.
Get Scanned
Get your Ezra Full Body MRI Scan — it takes as little as 30 minutes and screens for potential cancer in up to 13 organs and 500+ conditions.
Walk Icon
A bespoke medical report
Your images are reviewed by board certified radiologists and our Clinical Team will deliver your Ezra Report within 5-7 days.

References

1. Spinal Tumors: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. Cleveland Clinic. Accessed March 14, 2025. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17500-spinal-tumors

2. Neck Cervical Spine Tumors. USC Spine Center - Los Angeles. Accessed March 14, 2025. https://www.uscspine.com/conditions-treated/neck-disorders/neck-cervical-spine-tumors/

3. Spinal cord tumor - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. Accessed March 14, 2025. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350108

4. MRI - Mayo Clinic. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/mri/about/pac-20384768

5. Berger A. Magnetic resonance imaging. BMJ. 2002;324(7328):35.

6. Asiltürk M, Abdallah A, Sofuoglu EÖ. Radiologic–Histopathologic Correlation of Adult Spinal Tumors: A Retrospective Study. Asian J Neurosurg. 2020;15(2):354-362. doi:10.4103/ajns.AJNS_366_19

7. Diagnosing Spinal Cord Tumors. Accessed March 14, 2025. https://nyulangone.org/conditions/spinal-cord-tumors/diagnosis

8. Meninges: What They Are & Function. Cleveland Clinic. Accessed March 14, 2025. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22266-meninges

9. MRI scan - How it’s performed. nhs.uk. September 5, 2018. Accessed March 14, 2025. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mri-scan/what-happens/

10. The Difference Between X-ray, CT and MRI. Premier Orthopaedic. Accessed March 14, 2025. https://www.premierortho.org/the-difference-between-x-ray-ct-and-mri/

11. Florkow MC, Willemsen K, Mascarenhas VV, Oei EHG, van Stralen M, Seevinck PR. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Computed Tomography for Three‐Dimensional Bone Imaging of Musculoskeletal Pathologies: A Review. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022;56(1):11-34. doi:10.1002/jmri.28067

12. Rutsch N, Schmaranzer F, Amrein P, Müller M, Albers CE, Bigdon SF. The hidden value of MRI: modifying treatment decisions in C-spine injuries. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. 2024;32(1):63. doi:10.1186/s13049-024-01235-9

13. Fu M. Cervical Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Diagnostic Reliability And Novel Isotropic Applications. Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library. Published online January 1, 2014. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl/1879